What is the government's right to take privately owned property for public use called?

The correct choice is eminent domain, which is the legal concept that allows the government to take privately owned property for public use, provided that the owner is compensated fairly. This right is grounded in the Fifth Amendment of the U.S. Constitution, which states that private property shall not be taken for public use without just compensation.

Eminent domain is typically invoked for projects that serve the public interest, such as highways, schools, or parks. The process involves an assessment of the property's value and establishing a fair market price that the government must pay to the property owner, ensuring that they are not financially harmed by the taking of their property.

The other options, while similar in some respects, do not embody the legal and constitutional framework that governs the taking of property by the government. Property acquisition may refer more broadly to the process of obtaining property, which does not necessarily include the compulsory elements of government action under eminent domain. Land seizure could connote a more abrupt or forceful taking without legal due process, which is not consistent with the principles of eminent domain. Compulsory purchase is a term used more commonly in other jurisdictions, such as the UK, and does not capture the specific legal context of how eminent domain operates in the U.S.